The smallest interval used in Western music is the half step. A visual representation of a half step would be the distance between a consecutive white and black note on the piano. There are two exceptions to this rule, as two natural half steps occur between the notes E and F, and B and C.


A whole step is the distance between two consecutive white or black keys. It is made up of two half steps.


external image step_keyboard.gif
external image step_keyboard.gif


Between C to C# is a half step (semitone or minor 2nd), another semitone between white notes is from E to F.
White notes that have a black note in between them, the interval is a tone (major 2nd or whole step)
How to count steps?
external image IntervalFig1.png
external image IntervalFig1.png


as you see here, from B to D there are 3 steps, so the interval is 3rd
from F to D, there are 6 steps, so the interval is 6th.



intervals.jpg
intervals.jpg



Exercises :
Name the intervals below:

interval_1.jpg
interval_1.jpg




Major and Minor Intervals

Seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths can be major intervals or minor intervals. The minor interval is always a half-step smaller than the major interval.
Major and Minor Intervals

external image step_keyboard.gif
external image step_keyboard.gif


1 half-step = minor second (m2)
2 half-steps = major second (M2)
3 half-steps = minor third (m3)
4 half-steps = major third (M3)

external image IntervalFig10.png
external image IntervalFig10.png



Listen to the minor second, major second, minor third, major third,


Exercise 2 : major 3rd or minor 3rd?


3rds.jpg
3rds.jpg